Overview
A well-designed wheelchair ramp makes home entry safe and independent. This guide covers slope ratios, materials, handrail requirements, and landing dimensions.
Slope Ratio
The recommended slope for a wheelchair ramp is 1:12 — for every inch of rise, you need 12 inches of ramp length.
- 1:12 — Standard for manual wheelchairs
- 1:16 — Easier to navigate, preferred for long distances
- 1:8 — Maximum for powered chairs with an attendant
Materials
Common ramp materials include:
- Aluminium — Lightweight, durable, modular sections
- Wood — Affordable, customisable, needs maintenance
- Concrete — Permanent, high durability, higher cost
Key Dimensions
- Minimum clear width: 36 inches (915 mm)
- Handrail height: 34–38 inches
- Landing size: 60 x 60 inches minimum
- Edge protection: 2-inch minimum curb
Handrail Requirements
Install handrails on both sides if the ramp rises more than 6 inches. Handrails should extend 12 inches beyond the top and bottom of the ramp.
Checklist Before Installation
- Measure the total rise from ground to threshold
- Calculate required ramp length (rise × 12)
- Check local building codes for specific requirements
- Choose material based on climate, budget, and permanence
- Plan landing zones at top and bottom
Always consult a qualified occupational therapist or accessibility specialist before purchasing or building a ramp.